Hi everyone,
Further to the recent
discussions about obtaining a birth certificate for your child born
overseas through surrogacy, and the ultimate need to apply for an
Aussie passport down the track, Tony and I thought that we’d share
our recent experience in applying for Xan’s second Aussie passport
(kids’ passports expire every five years).
Below is a sample
statement in support of an application for a child’s passportwithout full
parental consent. This will be of interest to you if you are
planning on returning to Australia and obtaining an Australian
passport for your child or even if you’ve already done that and
intend to renew the existing passport.
Here is some quick
context:
-
If your child is
born in the US, you will probably obtain a US passport for your
child and return to Australia with that child travelling on
his/her US passport. That’s because it’s just a lot quicker and
simpler to do that, as others have referenced recently.
-
In some other
countries (I think India) your child may not be eligible for a
passport issued by the country of birth. Therefore, you probably
can’t travel with your new born until s/he is granted an
Australian passport. As a result, you may need to spend some weeks
in that country before being able to return home with your child.
The process for obtaining any Australian passport out of the
jurisdiction is not fast!
-
Whatever your
circumstances, you’ll need a valid local birth certificate and
Australian citizenship before you can take the steps to obtain an
Australian passport for your child. Once you have completed those
steps you can then apply to the Australian Passports office,
administered by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (visitwww.passport.gov.au)
-
Probably the main
issue you confront when you make this application is whether to
complete the application with both parents’ consent (i.e. a mother
and a father) OR apply without full parental consent. You’ll need
to accept that for the purposes of Australian law, the mother on
the birth certificate is the “mother” of your child – no matter
what foreign court orders or decrees may have been issued. If you
are willing to accept this, then you may make your life simpler
and request your surrogate to sign all the Australian passport
consent forms etc and make your application accordingly. However,
even if you do this (and it’s most logically done shortly after
the birth while everyone has access to each other) remember that
you may not have such immediate or even helpful assistance if and
when you apply for a passport renewal every 5 years.
-
In our case, we
decided to apply for both of our kids’ Aussie passports without
our surrogate’s consent as the “mother”. Of course, she would have
given it, but since she had relinquished her US parental rights
(albeit a fact not formally recognised by Australian law) we
thought it best to proceed on the basis that we were the two dads
with parental responsibility.
-
When making a
passport application for a child without full parental consent,
you are required to complete a Form B-9. This then requires the
applicant (biological father) to explain why “special
circumstances” exist as to overturn the presumption that both
biological parents must consent for the issuance of a passport.
(If anyone’s still reading this, sorry but I am starting to sound
like a lawyer). In our attached sample application, you’ll get the
gist of the issues we raised. In some respects, we have provided
detail that may be unnecessary. However, for both our children,
including the application for the passport renewal, the process
went smoothly.
-
If your child is
born in the US and both dads are listed on the birth certificate,
you’ll almost certainly have to apply for a child’s passport
without full parental consent (using the Form B-9 process). In
that case, you can also use the attached draft Statement as a
guide to the content and process you’ll need to follow.
Hopefully this makes
sense. It is somewhat complicated. But we all wanted to become
parents didn’t we!
Tony (mainly…with bits
from Lee!!)
Application No: [insert]
Statement in
Support of an Application for Child’s Passport without full
parental consent
1 My
name is [insert biological father’s full name per application] of
[insert address].
2 This
statement is made in support of a Child’s Passport Application for
my son/daughter, [insert full name]. This statement is attached to
the statement Form B-9, which is also submitted with [first name’s]
Child Passport Application.
3 Section
13B of [first name’s] Child Passport Application, as well as that
part of section 15 which relates to the declaration and consent in
respect of the ‘mother’ has been left blank. This is because the
woman who gave birth to [first name] is not his/her biological
mother, but was a surrogate engaged pursuant to a Surrogacy
Agreement, entered into and enforceable under the laws of
[California] in [the United States of America.]
4 [First
name] was born as a result of a process known as ‘gestational
surrogacy’. That is, the female ovum of an [anonymous] donor was
fertilised with my sperm and a resulting embryo was implanted into
the surrogate using an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedure.
5 [Child’s
first name] was born in [insert town, state and country] on [insert
date]. His/Her birth certificate records me as his/her ‘father’ and
the ‘mother’ is listed as [insert name of surrogate if this is on
the birth certificate. Further explanation may be required if both
fathers are on the birth certificate]. A copy of the Certificate of
Live Birth dated [insert date] is attached (Attachment
1).
6 Commencing
immediately with his/her birth on [insert date], [my partner and] I
assumed full custody and parental responsibility for [First name].
My partner’s name is [insert name]. We have been living as a couple
for [insert number] years. Although my partner is not the
biological father of [first name], he is an equal parent in all
aspects of our child’s life. [insert references here to any
Australian parenting orders if applicable]
7 [First
name] was granted a passport by the [USA] Passports Office on
[insert date] (Passport no. #######). That application was granted
on my application, as [first name’s] father. His/Her [US] passport
was renewed again on [date]. He/She was eligible for a US passport
on the basis that he/she acquired American citizenship by reason of
his birth within the borders of [the USA]. [Obviously modify this
for Indian or other country birth].
8 [First
name] travelled to Australia in the custody of my partner and me,
and his/her USA passport is date stamped to record his entry into
Australia.
9 On
[insert date], [First name] received formal recognition of his/her
Australian citizenship, as an Australian citizen by descent. A copy
of the extract from Register of Citizenship by Descent is attached (Attachment
2).
10 On
[insert date], the [insert relevant foreign court order etc
reflecting custody etc of child e.g. Iowa District Court for Magic
County] ordered, adjudged and decreed that, pursuant to Iowa Code
600.A.8, the parental rights and responsibilities of [insert name of
surrogate], concerning my child were terminated]. Attached to this
statement is the formal Decree terminating parental rights, dated
[insert] (Attachment
3).
11 [The
U.S Court’s] Decree/Order made the following findings:
· [First
name] was born on [insert date] pursuant to a surrogacy contract;
· the
surrogate has no intention of establishing a relationship with the
child; and
· Terminating
the surrogate’s parental rights with respect to the child would not
be detrimental to the child’s best interests or welfare.
12 Immediately
following [First name’s] birth he/she has been in the sole and
exclusive custody of my partner and me. All decisions regarding
his/her welfare are shared exclusively by us. By way of example,
[First name] is included on both of our Medicare cards and also in
our family cover health insurance with [insert e.g., Medibank].
13 The
surrogate is engaged in occasional correspondence with my partner
and me. [Insert any appropriate details e.g., She last visited us in
Australia, as friends, in 2008]. However, she has no legal rights in
respect of our child nor does she seek to assert any such rights
over him/her now or in the future. She has no biological
relationship to [First name].
14 In
making this statement, I am aware that I must explain why the
necessary consent has not been obtained and to explain the ‘special
circumstances’ of the application. I do not believe it is
appropriate for the surrogate, who bears no biological relationship
to [First name], and who has relinquished her parental rights before
a validly constituted court in [the USA], to be asked for her
consent to this Child Passport Application. Moreover, if it is the
intention of the Australian Passports Act 2005 to restrict access to
a passport for a child so that the child cannot be taken outside of
Australia without the consent of the other ‘parent’, that is not a
consideration in this case. [First name] already holds a valid and
lawfully issued passport from [the USA]. That passport entitles
him/her to travel to countries outside the USA, or Australia for
that matter. [He also already holds an Australian passport which was
granted in [insert year if this is an application to renew] on
almost identical grounds as this application.]
15 I
now briefly respond to some of the specific sections of the Form
B-9:
(a) Section
4 “Parents’ marital status”
The first section of
the form was left incomplete by me with a notation of ‘not
applicable’. The question does not indicate clearly the response
that is being sought. The following information may be helpful. The
surrogate, [inset her name here], was married at the time of [First
name’s] birth. She has subsequently divorced her husband in 2006.
She has never been married or in any de facto relationship with me
or my partner. My partner and I are not permitted to marry under
Australian law, although we have cohabitated in a same-sex de facto
relationship for approximately 20 years. [Some of you may be able to
answer this differently if married abroad, not that it’s recognised
here!].
(b) Section
6 “Contact with other parent”
This section asks
whether we have attempted to locate or contact the “other parent”
for their consent. The answer to this is no. We have not sought to
contact the surrogate for the reasons outlined earlier in this
statement. However, as also explained in this statement, we are in
occasional contact with the surrogate and enjoy a close and friendly
relationship with her.
(c) Section
7 “Special circumstances”
For the reasons
outlined above we seek the issuance of the renewed Child Passport
Application for [inset child’s full name]. We clearly believe the
circumstances of this application are exceptional. We also submit
that, in any event, the surrogate is not a person with parental
responsibility for the child.
[For renewal
applications the following may be inserted] This is an application
for renewal of an expiring Australian passport for my child. His/Her
first Australian passport was issued to him/her on [insert date],
based on almost identical grounds under the (then) Passports
Act 1938.The
information provided in support of this application mirrors that
which was considered by the Department in the 2004 application (No.
#######). For the reasons outlined in this statement and the
relevant accompanying documents, it would be inappropriate to
require additional consent for this application.]
16 Thank
you for the consideration of this statement. Should you have any
queries regarding its contents, please contact me via phone: or
email as follows: [insert].
Signed:
_____________________________________
Dated: 2009
Attachments:
1. Certificate
of Live Birth, dated ######
2. Extract
of Citizenship by Descent, dated #######
3. Decree
terminating parental rights, dated #######